Hormone treatment as first line therapy is safe and relieves pelvic pain in women with bowel endometriosis / O tratamento hormonal como terapia de primeira linha é seguro e melhora a dor pélvica em mulheres com endometriose intestinal

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate clinical features and complications in patients with bowel endometriosis submitted to hormonal therapy. Methods: Retrospective study based on data extracted from medical records of 238 women with recto-sigmoid endometriosis treated between May 2010 and May 2016. Results: Over the course of follow-up, 143 (60.1%) women remained in medical treatment while 95 (39.9%) presented with worsening of pain symptoms or intestinal lesion growth (failure of medical treatment group), with surgical resection performed in 54 cases. Women in the Medical Treatment Group were older (40.5±5.1 years versus 37.3±5.8 years; p<0.0001) and had smaller recto sigmoid lesions (2.1±1.9 versus 3.1±2.2; p=0.008) compared to those who had failed to respond to medical treatment. Similar significant reduction in pain scores for dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, cyclic dyschezia and dysuria was observed in both groups; however greater reduction in pain scores for dyspareunia was noted in the Surgical Group. Subjective improvement in pain symptoms was also similar between groups (100% versus 98.2%; p=0.18). Major complications rates were higher in the Surgical Group (9.2% versus 0.6%; p=0.001). Conclusion: Patients with recto-sigmoid endometriosis who failed to respond to medical treatment were younger and had larger intestinal lesions. Hormonal therapy was equally efficient in improving pain symptoms other than dyspareunia compared to surgery, and was associated with lower complication rates in women with recto-sigmoid endometriosis. Medical treatment should be offered as a first-line therapy for patients with bowel endometriosis. Surgical treatment should be reserved for patients with pain symptoms unresponsive to hormonal therapy, lesion growth or suspected intestinal subocclusion.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar características clínicas e complicações em pacientes com endometriose intestinal submetidos ao tratamento hormonal. Métodos: Dados de prontuários de 238 pacientes com endometriose de retossigmoide tratadas entre maio de 2010 e maio de 2016 foram coletados para este estudo retrospectivo. Resultados: Durante o período de acompanhamento, 143 (60,1%) mulheres mantiveram tratamento clínico, enquanto 95 (39,9%) tiveram piora dos sintomas de dor ou aumento da lesão intestinal (grupo falha de tratamento clínico), sendo 54 submetidas ao tratamento cirúrgico. As mulheres no Grupo Tratamento Clínico eram mais velhas (40,5±5,1 anos versus 37,3±5,8 anos; p<0,0001) e tinham lesões intestinais menores (2,1±1,9 versus 3,1±2,2; p=0,008) em comparação ao grupo falha de tratamento clínico. Redução significativa e semelhante do escore de dor na dismenorreia, dor pélvica crônica, disquezia cíclica e disúria cíclica foi observada nos Grupos Tratamento Clínico e Cirúrgico. Dispareunia, no entato, teve uma redução maior no Grupo Cirurgia. A redução subjetiva dos sintomas dolorosos também foi semelhante entre os Grupos Clínico e Cirúrgico (100% versus 98,2%; p=0,18). O Grupo Tratamento Cirúrgico foi relacionado a uma maior taxa de complicações graves (9,2% versus 0,6%; p=0,001) em comparação ao Grupo Tratamento Clínico. Conclusão: Falha no tratamento clínico em pacientes com endometriose de retossigmoide foi observada em mulheres mais jovens que tinham lesões intestinais maiores. O tratamento clínico hormonal foi igualmente eficaz na melhora dos sintomas de dor, exceto dispareunia, em comparação ao tratamento cirúrgico em mulheres com endometriose intestinal, mas com menor taxa de complicações. O tratamento clínico deve ser oferecido como primeira opção em pacientes com endometriose intestinal, enquanto o tratamento cirúrgico deve ser reservado para pacientes sem melhora nos sintomas de dor com tratamento hormonal, progressão das lesões ou suspeita de suboclusão intestinal.

Anti-corticosteroids combined therapy for treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy / Terapia combinada de anti-corticosteroides para o tratamento da coriorretinopatia serosa central

Abstract The therapeutic impact is described with the combined use of two medications with different anti-corticosteroid actions in the clinical resolution of a patient with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Resumo Descrevemos nesse artigo o impacto terapêutico do uso combinado de duas medicações anti-corticosteroides com diferentes mecanismos de ação, na resolução clínica de um paciente com coriorretinopatia serosa central crônica.

Avaliação da ministração de corticosteroides em situações de suspeita de parto pré-termo iminente: um estudo de coorte retrospectivo em um centro terciário / Evaluation of corticosteroid administration in situations of suspected imminent preterm delivery: a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary centre

ResumoOBJETIVOA ministração antenatal de um ciclo único de corticoterapia está recomendada a mulheres grávidas entre a 24 e a 34 semanas com risco de parto prematuro. O efeito máximo é atingido quando os corticosteroides ministrados entre 24 horas e 7 dias antes do parto. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de parto nos sete dias após corticoterapia nas principais situações obstétricas com risco de parto pré-termoMÉTODOSEstudo de coorte retrospectivo incluindo 209 grávidas internadas em risco de parto pré-termo submetidas a tratamento com corticosteroides para maturação pulmonar fetal. O estudo foi realizado entre janeiro de 2012 e março de 2014 e um hospital universitário. O desfecho principal avaliado foi o número de mulheres que tiveram parto no prazo de 7 dias após a ministração antenatal de corticosteroides. Foram definidos dois grupos de acordo com o motivo para iniciar corticosteroides: ameaça de parto pré-termo (Grupo APPT) e outras indicações para corticoterapia (Grupo RPPT). Foi efetuada uma análise de sobrevivência de Kaplan-Meier e um valor p<0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativoRESULTADOS46,4% (n=97) das mulheres grávidas tiveram parto nos 7 dias após a ministração de corticosteroides. Parto em 7 dias ocorreu mais frequentemente no grupo RPPT, em comparação com o grupo APPT (57,3 versus 42,4%, p=0,001). Foi detectada uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a curva de sobrevivência para os grupos APPT e RPPT, com um hazard ratio para parto até 7 dias 1,71 vezes maior para o grupo RPPT (IC95% 1,23-2,37; p<0,001)CONCLUSÃOPode-se concluir que a probabilidade de um evento (nascimento dentro de 7 dias após corticoterapia) é menor no grupo de grávidas internadas no contexto de ameaça de parto pré-termo do que por outras indicações. A utilização de corticosteroides em grávidas internadas por suspeita de trabalho parto pré-termo deverá ser alvo de uma rigorosa avaliação clínica.

AbstractPURPOSEThe administration of a single-course antenatal corticosteroid treatment is recommended for pregnant women between 24 and 34 weeks with risk of premature birth. The maximum effect is achieved when antenatal corticosteroids are administered between 24h and 7 days before delivery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of birth within seven days of corticosteroid therapy in major obstetric situations with risk of preterm birthMETHODSRetrospective cohort study including 209 pregnant women hospitalized in risk of preterm delivery, submitted to corticosteroid therapy for fetal lung maturation. The study was carried out between January 2012 and March 2014 at a university hospital. Main outcome measure was the number of women who delivered within 7 da ys after antenatal corticosteroid administration. Two groups were defined according to the reason for starting corticosteroids: threatened preterm labour (Group APPT) and other indications for corticosteroid therapy (Group RPPT). A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed and a p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS46.4% (n=97) of pregnant women gave birth in the seven days following corticosteroid administration. Delivery within 7 days occurred more frequently on group 2 in comparison to group 1 (57.3 versus42.4%; p=0.001). There is a statistically significant difference between the survival curve for groups 1 and 2, with a hazard ratio for delivery within 7 days 1.71 times higher for group 2 (95%CI 1.23-2.37; p<0.001)CONCLUSIONIt can be concluded that the probability of an event (birth within 7 days after corticosteroids) is smaller in the group of pregnant women admitted in the context of threatened preterm labor than for other indications. The use of corticosteroids in pregnant women admitted for suspected preterm labor should be subject to rigorous clinical evaluation.

Parto pré-termo com e sem rotura prematura de membranas: características maternas, obstétricas e neonatais / Premature labour with or without preterm premature rupture of membranes: maternal, obstetric and neonatal features

OBJETIVO: Avaliação das caraterísticas maternas, obstétricas e neonatais nos partos pré-termo (PPT) associados ou não à rotura prematura de membranas pré-termo.MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospetivo de gestações de feto único, com um parto pré-termo, entre 2003 e 2012. Critérios de inclusão: a ocorrência de parto associado ou não à rotura prematura de membranas pré-termo. Critérios de exclusão: partos motivados por comorbidades fetal e/ou maternas (iatrogênicos); e processos não disponíveis ou incompletos para consulta. Foram comparadas caraterísticas entre os dois grupos de PPT: PPT espontâneo (PPTe)versusrotura prematura de membranas pré-termo (RPM-PT), tendo sido utilizados na análise estatística os testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene, χ2, t de Student e Mann-Withney.RESULTADOS: Dos 2.393 partos pré-termo de feto único, foram analisados 1.432, dos quais 596 foram espontâneos (PPTe) e 836 foram associados à RPM-PT. Das variáveis analisadas, os fatores socioeconômicos foram sobreponíveis em ambos os grupos. Foram mais frequentes no grupo PPTe (p<0,001) a multiparidade (50,7 versus40,3%), os antecedentes obstétricos de PPT (20,8 versus10,2%), o comprimento cervical (18,2 versus27,2 mm), o baixo índice de massa corpórea (IMC) (23,4 versus24,3 kg/m2) e a elevação dos marcadores infecciosos como a Proteína C reativa (2,2 versus1,2 mg/L) e os leucócitos (13,3 versus12,4x109). O desfecho neonatal, em termos de comorbilidade, foi mais adverso no grupo PPTe, sobretudo à custa de piores resultados neurológicos (4,7 versus2,8%, p<0,001).CONCLUSÕES: Os mecanismos etiológicos do PPT, com ou sem RPM-PT, são bastante complexos. Das várias caraterísticas analisadas no nosso estudo, apenas o baixo IMC, a multiparidade com PPT anterior, o comprimento cervical foram os piores parâmetros infeciosos que foram predominantes no grupo PPTe. Esse último grupo mostrou ainda piores resultados perinatais sobretudo neurologicamente.

PURPOSE: Evaluation of maternal, obstetrics e neonatal features in both spontaneous preterm births (PTB) with or without preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).METHODS: Retrospective study of single fetus pregnancies with PTB between 2003 and 2012. Inclusion criteria: PTB associated with ou without PPROM. Exclusion criterias: PTB by medical indication due to fetal/maternal disease and all non accessible or incomplete clinical files. Different characteristics were compared between two groups of PTB: spontaneous PTB without PPROM (sPTB) versusPPROM. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene, χ2, t Student and Mann-Withney tests were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: From 2,393 PTB of single fetus, 1,432 files were analysed, from which 596 were sPTB and 836 PPROM. The socioeconomic conditions were similar in both groups. Multiparity (50.7versus40.3%), personal history of previous PTB (20.8 versus10.2%), cervical length (18.2 versus27.2 mm), lower body index mass (23.4 versus24.3 kg/m2) and higher infectious parameters (Protein C Reactive: 2.2 versus1.2 mg/L; Leukocytes: 13.3 versus12.4x109) were more frequent in PBTs (p<0,001). Neonatal outcomes, specially neurologic outcomes (4.7 versus2.8%, p<0,001), were worst in PBTs.CONCLUSION: PTB with or without PPROM has a complex etiology. From all evaluated features in our study, only maternal thinness, multiparity with a previous PTB, the cervical length and worst systemic infections parameters were significant in sPTB. This group also showed worst neonatal outcomes, specially on neurological outcomes.

Clinical comparison between brachytherapy of 0.5 ％ loteprednol etabonate eye drops and long-term therapy of 0.1％ fluorometholone eye drops after LASEK / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Conventional corticosteroid therapy after laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) is topical application of 0.1％ fluorometholone eye drops for 4 months,but this therapy increases the ocular hypertension risk and leads to poor compliance in patients.It is necessary to explore a safe and effective brachytherapeutic drug.Objective This study was to compare the clinical outcomes between the brachytherapy of 0.5％ loteprednol etabonate eye drops and the long-term therapy of 0.1％ fluorometholone eye drops after LASEK.Methods Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed from 208 right eyes in 208 mild and moderate myopia patients who received LASEK at Peking University Third Hospital from 2009 to 2013.The eye drops of 0.5％ loteprednol etabonate was used 6 times daily since operation day until postoperative day 5,and 4 times daily for a week,and then tapered for three consecutive weeks in 104 eyes of the loteprednol group after LASEK,and 0.1％ fluorometholone eye drops was applied topically 4 times daily for initial one month and then tapered for three consecutive months in another 104 eyes in the fluorometholone group after LASEK.Corneal epithelial healing time was compared between the two groups by recording the wearing duration of corneal contact lens.Noncontact intraocular pressure (lOP) was detected and corrected 5 days,2 weeks,1 month and 3,6 months after LASEK.Haze was scored based on the criteria of Cheng under the slit lamp microscope and apparently optometry was performed 1 month and 3,6 months after LASEK.Results The number of eyes removed corneal contact lens in 5,6 and 7 days after LASEK was not significantly different between the loteprednol group and the fluorometholone group (x2 =1.180,P =0.554).No considerable differences were seen in the eye numbers with the equivalent spherical lens (absolute value) ≤0.5 D in 1 month,3months and 6 months after LASEK (Z=-1.028,P=0.304;Z=-0.398,P=0.691;Z=-0.445,P=0.656).In the fifth days after surgery,the median corrected IOP was 13.52 mmHg and 13.12 mmHg in the loteprednol group and the fluorometholone group,respectively,showing a significant difference between them (Z =-1.985,P =0.047),but no significant differences were found in IOP in 2 weeks,1 month and 3 months,6 months after surgery between the two groups (all at P＞0.05).IOP elevated (postoperative IOP-preoperative IOP ≥ 5 mmHg) after LASEK in 5 eyes in the loteprednol group and 4 eyes in the fluorometholone group (x2 =0.116,P =0.733).In 1 month after surgery,the number of eyes in different grades of haze was significantly decreased in the loteprednol group compared with the fluorometholone group (x2=13.506,P=0.009),however,there was no significant differences in haze grading in postoperative 3 months and 6 months between the two groups (x2 =2.199,P =0.699;x2 =1.154,P =0.562).Conclusions Brachytherapy of 0.5％ loteprednol etabonate eye drops appears to have a similar effect in antiinflammation and inhibition of haze to the long-term therapy of 0.1％ fluorometholone eye drops after LASEK.Furthermore,topical application of 0.5％ loteprednol etabonate eye drops dose not increase the risk of ocular hypertension.

Uso antenatal de corticosteróide e evolução clínica de recém-nascidos pré-termo

Resumen Objetivo: descrever a freqüência de utilização de corticosteróide antenatal e a evolução clínica dos recém-nascidos pré-termo. Métodos: estudo observacional prospectivo tipo coorte de todos os neonatos com idade gestacional entre 23 e 34 semanas nascidos na Rede Brasileira de Pesquisas Neonatais entre agosto e dezembro de 2001. Os prontuários médicos foram revistos, as mães entrevistadas e os pré-termos acompanhados. A análise dos dados foi realizada com o teste do qui-quadrado, t de Student, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA e regressão logística múltipla, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: avaliaram-se 463 gestantes e seus 514 recém-nascidos. As gestantes tratadas tiveram mais gestações prévias, consultas de pré-natal, hipertensão arterial e maior uso de tocolíticos. Suas crianças apresentaram melhores escores de Apgar no 1º e 5º minutos, menor necessidade de intervenção na sala de parto e menor SNAPPE II. Nasceram com maior peso e idade gestacional, receberam menos surfatante exógeno, ventilação mecânica e oxigenoterapia. Após regressão logística, o uso pré-natal de corticosteróides manteve de forma independente o efeito protetor para as condições de nascimento e para a diminuição do tempo de ventilação mecânica e esteve associado com aumento na ocorrência de sepse neonatal. Conclusão: o uso do corticosteróide antenatal foi associado a melhor atendimento pré-natal. As crianças nasceram em melhores condições e tiveram melhor evolução, porém com maior risco de infecção.

Summary Objectives: to describe the use of antenatal corticosteroid and clinical evolution of preterm babies. Methods: an observational prospective cohort study was carried out. All 463 pregnant women and their 514 newborn babies with gestational age ranging from 23 to 34 weeks, born at the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network units, were evaluated from August 1 to December 31, 2001. The data were obtained through maternal interview, analysis of medical records, and follow-up of the newborn infants. Data analysis was performed with the use of chi-square, t Student, Mann-Whitney, and ANOVA tests and multiple logistic regression, with level of significance set at 5%. Results: treatment was directly associated with the number of prenatal visits, with maternal hypertension and with the antenatal use of tocolytic agents. Babies from treated pregnant women presented better Apgar scores at the 1st and 5th minute, reduced need for intervention in the delivery room and lower SNAPPE II. They were born with higher birth weight, longer gestational age and needed less surfactant use, ventilation, and oxygenation time. After multiple logistic regression, the use of antenatal corticosteroid independently improved birth conditions, decreased ventilation time, being related to increased occurrence of neonatal sepsis. Conclusions: the use of corticosteroid was associated with better prenatal care and birth conditions, better preterm evolution but higher risk of infection.

Clinical study of low dose mifepristone with methyltestosterone on the treatment of climacteric dysfunctional uterine bleeding / 中国医师杂志

Objective To study the clinical effects of low dose mifepristone together with methyltestosterone on the treatment of climacteric dysfunctional uterine bleeding(DUB).Methods Seventy patients with DUB were underwent dilatation and curettage of the uterus and divided into treatment group(n=35) and control group(n=35).The patients in the treatment group were treated with mifepristone and methyltestosterone,and those of the control group were treated with norlutin.The amenorrhea,the changes of endocrine and the pathology of endometrium were observed.Results All the patients were amenorrhea during the period of taking medicine and the regular menses was recovered after the treatment.Eight patients were menopause after the treatment.The levels of FSH,LH and P were decreased.The endometrium were atrophied and the anemia was improved.Conclusion Low dosage of mifepristone with methyltestosterone can prevent endometrial hyperplasis and it is safe and effective for the treatment of climacteric dysfunctional uterine bleeding.